15.                 GREEN HOUSE AUTOMATION

Greenhouses are often used for growing flowers, vegetables & fruits plants. The closed environment of a greenhouse has its own unique requirements, compared with outdoor production. Pests and diseases, and extremes of heat and humidity, have to be controlled, and irrigation is necessary to provide water. Significant inputs of heat and light may be required, particularly with winter production of warm-weather vegetable.A micro controller will be used to control the basic parameters of the green house. An LDR will be used to measure the light intensity, Temperature sensor will be used to get the temperature & timely irrigation will be provided by turning ON the Motors at specific intervals.  LCD will display the current temperature & light intensity. EEPROM will be used to save the temperature set point, the light intensity values & the time at which Motor has to be turned ON. RTC (Real Time Clock) will be use to get the real time & according to time the controller will turn ON & OFF the Motor. The setting for the temperature, light & Motor ON/OFF time is done through PC. 

16.                 MULTI CHANNEL LOGIC ANALYZER

 A logic analyzer is an electronic instrument that displays signals in a digital circuit that are too fast to be observed and presents it to a user so that the user can more easily check correct operation of the digital system. They are typically used for capturing data in systems that have too many channels to be examined with an oscilloscope. Isolation will be provided between the controller & the input signal in So that the controller will not be damaged due to any high voltage spike. The logic signals at different channels will be sent serially to the PC using MAX232. VB side software on the PC will then display the logic levels on the screen. This data can be stored in the PC & can be seen any time.  

17.                 PRE-PAID ENERGY METER

 The standard business model of electricity retailing involves the electricity company billing the customer for the amount of energy used in the previous month. If the retailer believes that the customer may not pay the bill, a prepayment meter may be installed. This requires the customer to make advance payment before electricity can be used. If the available credit is exhausted then the supply of electricity is automatically cut off by a relay.The METER consists of a Micro-Controller (8951/8952), a current feedback section consisting of a current transformer, a signal conditioning circuit & ADC. A pre-Paid Smart card containing a serial number & amount has to be inserted into the meter. The meter calculates the current consumption & accordingly deducts the amount from the card. 

18.                 SCADA APPLICATION

SCADA is the abbreviation for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. The term SCADA usually refers to centralized systems which monitor and control entire sites, or complexes of systems spread out over large areas (on the scale of kilometres or miles). Most site control is performed automatically by remote terminal units. A PLC may control the temperature of a furnace through part of an industrial process, but the SCADA system may allow operators to change the set points for Temperature, and enable alarm conditions, such as loss of flow and high temperature, to be displayed and recorded.  

19.                 DCS APPLICATION

A distributed control system (DCS) refers to a control system usually of a manufacturing system, process or any kind of dynamic system, in which the controller elements are not central in location (like the SCADA) but are distributed throughout the system with each component sub-system controlled by one or more controllers. The entire systems of controllers are connected by networks for communication and monitoring.A DCS typically uses custom designed processors as controllers and uses both proprietary interconnections and protocols for communication. Input & output modules form component parts of the DCS. The processor receives information from input modules and sends information to output modules. Elements of a distributed control system may directly connect to physical equipment such as switches, pumps and valves.